From this perspective, the palace reconstruction can reveal far more than an effort to display Korean nationalism and past traditions. The second is the intensity of public debate over this urban site, which heralds the gradual historical emergence of a public culture of commemorations. Korea’s modern transformation has reconfigured this site multiple times, and there is a need to explore the multiple ways that modernity has imparted visual symbolic significance to this location. The first is the interplay between the palace grounds and Korea’s encounter with modernity. This study examines the 150 year history of this reconstruction effort and focuses on two key themes that have not been fully examined in previous works on this topic. No other location in Seoul has undergone so much intense reconstruction efforts at such a prohibitive cost. The Kyŏngbok Palace has been the site of continual reconstruction ever since the Taewŏ n’gun’s efforts in 1865 to the recent unveiling of the new Kwanghwamun in August 2010.
This study examines the crucial role of the Chinese commercial network in colonial Korea and discusses their impact on the colonial retail and finance sectors. The capital shortage that followed affected not just the Chinese community, but also Japanese and Korean small to medium-sized businesses that had difficulties finding low-interest loans. A system of credit risk-sharing to finance the distribution of imported goods had emerged through the Chinese commercial network, but the sudden inability to collect payments after the ethnic riots spread financial instability throughout the colonial economy. The sudden departure of so many Chinese then triggered a collapse of retail outlets for imported goods and a financial crisis in colonial Korea. When hundreds of Chinese were either killed or injured in the aftermath of the Wanpaoshan Incident, many fled Korea and abandoned their businesses. One of the unintended consequences of the Wanpaoshan Incident of 1931 was the mass departure of Chinese residents from colonial Korea.
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